Local Innate Responses to TLR Ligands in the Chicken Trachea
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Local Innate Responses to TLR Ligands in the Chicken Trachea
The chicken upper respiratory tract is the portal of entry for respiratory pathogens, such as avian influenza virus (AIV). The presence of microorganisms is sensed by pathogen recognition receptors (such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs)) of the innate immune defenses. Innate responses are essential for subsequent induction of potent adaptive immune responses, but little information is available ab...
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Chicken macrophages express several receptors for recognition of pathogens, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) derived from bacterial or viral pathogens leading to the activation of macrophages. Macrophages play a critical role in immunity against viruses, including influenza viruses. The present study was designed to test the hypot...
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Toll-like receptor ligands (TLR-L) represent novel vaccine adjuvants, but their immunological effects in humans in-vivo remain poorly defined. Here we analyzed the innate responses stimulated by different TLR-L in rhesus macaques, a relevant preclinical model for vaccine testing. MPL (TLR4-L), R-848 (TLR7/8-L) or CpG-ODN (TLR9-L) induced rapid (3hr) and robust (>92% of WBC) expansion of blood n...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Viruses
سال: 2016
ISSN: 1999-4915
DOI: 10.3390/v8070207